HR英文名词解释

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HR英文名词解释

1.Job satisfaction:the degree to which employees are satisfied with their jobs

2.Hierarchy of needs:needs are ranked in five general categories.Once a given category of needs is achieved,people become motivated to reach the next category.

3.Physiological needs:the basic requirements for survival

4.Safety needs:job security and safe working conditions

5.Social needs:the need to be part of a group

6.Esteem needs:respect,prestige,and recognition

7.Self-actualization:the need to fully reach one’s potential

8.Hygiene factors:work-related factors that can fulfill basic needs and precent job dissatisfaction

9.Motivational factors: work-related factors that can lead to job satisfaction and motivate employees

10.Expectancy theory:holds that an employee’s efforts are influenced by the expected outcome for those efforts

11.Equity theory:suggests that compensation should be equitable,or in proportion to each employee’s contribution

12.Reinforcement theory:suggests that reinforcement can influence behavior

13.Positive reinforcement:motivates employees by providing rewards for high performance

14.Negative reinforcement:motivates employees by encouraging them to behave in a manner that avoids unfavorable consequences

15.job enrichment programs:programs designed to increase the job satisfaction of employees

16.merit system:a compensation system that allocates raises according to performance

17.across-the-board system: a compensation system that allocates similar raises to all employees

18.incentive plans:provide employees with various forms of compensation if they meet specific perfoemance goals

19.flextime programs:programs that allow for a more flexible work schedule

http://cankao.gcw818.compressed workweek:compressesthe workload into fewer days per week

21.job sharing:two or more person share a particular work schedule

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22.job enlargement:a programs to expand the jobs assigned to employees

23.job rotation:a program that allows a set of employees to periodically rotate their job assignments

24.empowerment:allowing employees the power to make more decisions

25.participative management:employees are allowed to participate in various decisions made by their supervisors or others.

26.management by objectives(MBO):allows employees to participate in setting their goals and determining the manner in which they complete their tasks

27.teamwork:a group of employees with varied job positions have the responsibility to achieve a specific goal

28.open-book management:a form of employees involvement that educates employees on their contribution to the firm and enables them to periodically assess their own performance levels

29.human resource planning:planning to satisfy a fiem’s needs for employees

30.job analysis:the analysis used to determine the tasks and the necessary credentials for a particular position

31.job specification:states the credentials necessary to qualify for a job position

32.job description:states the tasks and responsibilities of a job position

33.human resource manager:help each specific department recruit candidates for its open positions

http://cankao.gcw818.comernal recruiting:an effort to fill open positions with persons already employed by the firm

35.promotion:the assignment of an employee to a higher-level job with more responsibility and compensation

36.enternal recruiting:an effort to fill positions with applicants from outside the firm

37.employment test:a test of a job candidate’s abilities

http://cankao.gcw818.compensation package:the total monetary compensation and benefits offered to employees

39.salary(wages):the dollars paid for a job over a specific period

40.stock options:a form of compensation that allows employees to purchase shares of their employer’s stock at a specific price

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http://cankao.gcw818.commissions:compensation for meeting specific sales objectives

42.bonus:an extra onetime payment at the end of a period in which performance was measured

43.profit sharing:a portion of the firm’s profits is paid to employees

44.employee benefits:additional privileges beyond compensation payments,such as paid vacation time;health,life,or dental insurance;and pension programs

45.perquisites:additional privileges beyond compensation payments and employee benefits

46.upward appraisals:used to measure the managerial abilities of supervisors

47.labor un-io-n:an association established to represent the views,needs,and concerns of labor

48.craft un-io-ns:un-io-ns organized according to a specific craft(or trade),such as plumbing

49.industrial un-io-ns:un-io-ns organized for a specific industry

50.local un-io-ns:un-io-ns composed of members in a specified local area

51.national un-io-ns:un-io-ns composed of members throughout the country

http://cankao.gcw818.comernational un-io-ns: un-io-ns that have members in several countries

53.Norris-LaGuardia Act:restricted the use of injunctions against un-io-ns and allowed un-io-ns to publicize a labor dispute

54.yellow-dog contract:a contract requiring employees to refrain from joining a un-io-n as a condition of employment

55.Wagner act:prohibited firms from interfering with workers’ efforts to organize or join un-io-ns

56.Taft-Hartley act:an amendment to the Wagner act that prohibited un-io-ns from pressuring employees to join

57.right-to-work:allows states to prohibit un-io-n shops

58.Landrum-griffin act:required labor un-io-ns to specify in their bylaws the membership eligibility requirements,dues,and collective bargaining procedures

59.picketing:waling around near the employer’s building with signs complaining of poor working conditions

60.boycott:refusing to purchase products and services

61.strike:a discontinuation of employee services

62.injuction:a court order to prevent a un-io-n from a particular activity such as picketing

63.lockout: prevents employees from working until an agreement between management and labor is reached

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