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中国的中秋节的习俗
中秋节的习俗是:农历八月十五日，是我国传统的中秋节，也称仲秋节、团圆节、八月节等，也是我国仅次于春节的第二大传统节日。我国农历秋季的七、八、九三个月中，八月十五恰在秋季的中间，故谓之中秋节。我国古历法把处在秋季中间的八月，称谓“仲秋”，所以中秋节又叫“仲秋节”。
中秋之夜，月色皎洁，古人把圆月视为团圆的象征，民间多于此夜合家团聚，故又称团圆节。
中秋节，我国汉族和大部分少数民族的传统节日，也流行于朝鲜、日本和越南等邻国。中秋节起源于我国古代秋祀、拜月之俗。《礼记》中载有“天子春朝日，秋夕月。朝日以朝，夕月以夕。”这里的“夕月”就是拜月的意思。两汉时已具雏形，唐时，中秋赏月之俗始盛行，并定为中秋节。中秋赏月，最盛是宋代。明清以来，民间更重视中秋节。中秋赏月的风俗在唐代极盛，许多诗人的名篇中都有咏月的诗句，古往今来，人们常用“月圆”、“月缺”来形容“悲欢离合”，客居他乡的游子，更是以月来寄托深情。宋代、明代、清代宫廷和民间的拜月赏月活动更具规模。我国各地至今遗存着许多“拜月坛”、“拜月亭”、“望月楼”的古迹。
吃月饼是节日的另一习俗，月饼象征着团圆。象葡萄、西瓜等象征着团圆的水果也被人们摆上餐桌。
中秋节起源的另一个说法是：农历八月十五恰好是庄稼成熟的季节，中秋可能就是秋报的遗俗，农民为了庆祝丰收，表达喜悦的心情，就以“中秋”这天作为节日。
中秋节与元宵节和端午节并称为我国三大传统佳节。究中秋节之来源，与“嫦娥奔月”、“吴刚伐桂”、“玉兔捣药”等神话传说有着密切的关系。故中秋节的民间习俗多与月亮有关。
中秋节各地风俗 台湾中秋节的风俗
首先是祭月和拜月。一般认为中秋节的起源，是源於古代帝王在八月十五祭月的习俗。後来，民间也渐兴此风。到了明清时代，祭月时的供品，已形成规模：月饼必须是圆的，瓜果必须切成如莲花般的牙瓣。街市上还会出售一种“月光纸”，上面会有月光、菩萨、宫殿，还有兔形人在月光下捣药。祭月後，即将此“月光纸”焚烧。祭月的活动男士可以参加，但拜月的活动男士就不能参加了。所以在台湾，“拜月”就成了妇女的专利，当妇女们忙着置办各种拜月的物品时，小孩子们也趁机跟着忙活。每值中秋，台湾街市上都会卖一种用来供儿童祭月用的“兔儿爷”。“兔儿爷”源于明末，以泥土塑造成兔首人身，坐姿如人形。到了清代，“兔儿爷”的功能转变成了“中秋”的玩具。制作也日趋精致多样：有武士形，商贩形，还有剃头师和裁缝师形等，其多样化的造型丰富了儿童过中秋的情趣。
在台湾农民中，过中秋时，则要祭拜土地公。此习俗是要感谢土地公保佑其有丰富的秋收。除了祭祀土地公，农民还得在田间插设“土地公拐杖”，是以竹子夹上土地公金，插在田间。在台湾南部，森林茂密，农民们在中秋之日，还有祭拜树王公的习惯。
除了拜月、拜土地公、台湾民众在中秋还有拜太阴星君、太阴娘娘的习惯，皆因太阴星君和太阴娘娘都是中国文化传统中的月亮之神，既然中秋要拜月，那就少不了要拜月神，以苗栗头份的太阳宫为例，每年中秋为太阳娘娘祝寿的活动就包括奏表拜祭，念经祝寿，举行月光晚会等。
台湾还有一些和女性有关的中秋民俗，也很有意思。在中秋夜祈求长寿：台湾民间相传，中秋夜睡得越晚越长寿，尤其是少女在中秋夜晚睡，会使自己的母亲长寿。
祈求嫁得如意郎君：相传未婚少女如果在中秋夜偷得别家菜园中的蔬菜和葱，就表示她将觅到一位如意郎君。有句民谣：“偷到葱，嫁好人，偷到菜，嫁好婿”。指的就是这项习俗。听到这项习俗时，笔者心想生活在城市里的少女去哪偷葱与菜呢？
祈求孩子：婚后尚未生育的妇女，在中秋晚上，倘能到人家菜园里偷摘到一个瓜抱回家，来年就会生个胖娃娃。
中秋夜深时，台湾妇女往往会在家中的神像前烧香，表达了欲问卜的事後，还要请示出门的方向，然後持香出门，一路上听到谈话和歌唱时，便掷杯问神，直到得到神明的认可答案为止。
中秋节北京风俗
八月十三日至十五日为中秋节，俗呼为八月节。街市繁盛，果摊泥兔摊所在皆是。十五月圆时设月光马于庭，供以瓜果、月饼、毛豆枝、鸡冠花、萝卜、藕、西瓜等品，唯供月时男子多不叩拜，谚云：“男不拜月，女不祭灶”。供月毕，家人团坐，饮酒赏月，谓之“团圆节”。又将祭月之月饼按人数切块分食，谓之“团圆饼”。
老北京，中秋要放三天假。十三到十五日，学生也不上课。而所谓“泥兔摊”，就是卖兔儿爷的。前十年，北京中秋还有兔爷卖。现在很少见了。似乎只在春节庙会上见过。中秋节祭的就是这只月亮里的兔子。兔爷是泥做的，兔首人身，披甲胄，插护背旗，脸贴金泥，身施彩绘，或坐或立，或捣杵或骑兽，竖着两只大耳朵，亦谑亦谐。有曲为证"莫提旧债万愁删，忘却时光心自闲。瞥眼忽惊佳节近，满街挣摆兔儿山".过中秋，家里摆个兔爷像，确实很有气氛。
中秋节，正值秋果上市，特别丰富。《春明采风志》里有“中秋临节，街市遍设果摊，雅尔梨（原文）、沙果、白梨、水梨、苹果、海棠、欧李、鲜枣、葡萄、晚桃，又有带枝毛豆、果藕、西瓜。”过去的果子市在前门东，八月十三、四两日灯火如昼。并有吆喝：“今儿是几来？十三四来，您不买我这沙果苹果闻香的果来，哎！二百的四十来”现在，这些秋果街上都买得到。而且相形下，今年的水果多又便宜，正是由猴子变成的人的最美时刻。美中不足的是萝卜有点贵，和苹果一个价。难免有老年人痛斥这没有道理的价格。值得一提的还有毛豆，过去中秋并不常见，今年在北太平庄副食店的月饼摊前，居然也支起了煮毛豆的大锅，而且确实是带枝的毛豆。习俗上看，和过去中秋靠近的还有送礼。“中秋，大家互送礼节，赏奴仆钱，铺户放帐帖，每节如此”。北京这两年似乎又兴起了中秋送礼大行动。节前，弄两辆车，满满的装上月饼果品，挨家挨户送。当然，这里的家和户是指商家客户。送礼，自然是为了联络感情，结款要生意。两年前做这事时还想，现在到底拜的是那里的兔儿爷。今年这风气恐怕更盛了。
现在讲究广式月饼，过去“中秋月饼以前门致美斋者为京都第一，它初不足食也。供月月饼大者尺余，上绘月宫蟾兔之形，有祭毕而食者，有留至除夕而食者，谓之团圆饼”。能放半年的，肯定不会是广式月饼。 月饼源自民间祭祀，同样，北京人常吃的点心如果求根溯源百分之七、八十也都出自于民间祭祀或宗教上的供品。从制-作-工-艺上说，油炸、蜜饯和烘烤，都是最好的防腐措施。就连饺子，也是春节供后的食品。
中国人庆祝中秋节的风俗习惯
The Mid-Autumn Festival, dating back thousands of years ago, is celebrated each year on the fifteenth day of the eighth full moon around the time of the autumn equinox.
During the happy occasion, people eat different fresh fruits and nuts as well as mooncakes, thick pastries with various fillings, which resemble the full moon and symbolize happiness and family reunions.
Many folks on the Taiwan island have returned to the mainland for the holiday. For them, traditional local delicacies are a must to give away to friends and family members.
"I'm carrying one of Taiwan's specialties, pineapple tarts. They are made of very fresh pineapple, and you can see the word 'Taiwan' on the box, so as to show the food is from my hometown."
It is estimated that more than 2,000 Taiwan people will fly across the Straits to Fuzhou alone to celebrate the Mid-Autumn Festival. The city has seen a 30-percent increase in Taiwan visitors during the three-day holiday.
Elsewhere in China, lots of people are taking trips for relaxation. A Ba County in southwestern Sichuan Province, which was struck by a severe earthquake in 2015, has been rebuilt as an ethnic folk culture city. One travel agent says visitors have been flocking into A Ba and other destinations across the province.
"Travelers can enjoy colorful blooming lily flowers in the county. Children can choose to entertain themselves at the newly-opened aquarium where they can watch the exciting dolphin performance."
Meanwhile, villagers from south China’s Guangdong Province are celebrating the festival by burning brick towers.
Each night during the holiday, they build a 3.8-meter-high, cone-shaped brick tower and fill it with straw, hay and wood shavings. Once a fire is lit, villagers poke the burning materials to make the flames spurt out of the tower to honor their ancestral heroes.
"Everyone cheers as the flames rise. The higher the flames, the better luck we will have."
In homes, two full plates of mooncakes, water chestnuts and fruits are placed on the table as sacrificial offerings to the Goddess of the Moon. People also use grapefruit "balls" with lighted joss sticks to pray for peace, safety and family reunions during the entire year.
"Parents of my age have almost forgotten the customs like lighting joss-stick balls and offering sacrifices to the God of Moon. Thanks to this activity, we have got to know these traditions again."
Compatriots living overseas, however, may miss the festive fun this year as more countries including Germany, France, the Philippines and Sudan have refused to allow Chinese mooncakes to be sent through the mail.
Officials say the ban on mooncakes is due to different food inspection standards. For example, Europe's standards for aflatoxins, toxins produced by a mold that grows in nuts, seeds and legumes, are higher than China's.
For CRI, this is Wei Tong.
From:
词汇讲解：
1. occasion n. 时刻, 时候
例句：This is a gala occasion.
这是一个欢乐的时刻。
2. resemble vt. 看起来像；显得像；像
例句：My brother resembles me in looks.
我弟弟和我长得很像。
3. symbolize n. 象征;作为…的象征
例句：What does this strange mark symbolize?
这个奇怪的符号象征什么?
4. reunion n. 相聚；团圆
例句：We have a family reunion every New Year's Day.
每年元旦我们都合家团聚。
5. delicacy n. 精美的食物
例句：Smoked herring is a local delicacy.
烟熏鲱鱼是当地一种美味食品。
6. flock vi. 群集, 成群结队而行
例句：People flocked to hear the new prophet.
人们成群结队地去听这新的预言家演讲。
7. entertain vt. 使欢乐, 使娱乐
例句：A circus show entertains children.
马戏表演使孩子们兴高采烈。
8. poke vt. 把...戳(或插)向,把...指(或伸)向
例句：He poked a stake into the earth.
他把一根桩子插进地里。
9. sacrifice n. 祭品
例句：They killed a sheep as a sacrifice.
他们宰了一只羊作为祭品。
10. compatriot n. 同胞,同国人
例句：He believes that he and his compatriot student are the future leader.
他相信他和他同国的学生是未来的领袖。
短语讲解：
1. The Mid-Autumn Festival, dating back thousands of years ago, is celebrated each year on the fifteenth day of the eighth full moon around the time of the autumn equinox.
date back回溯至
例句：Oxford and Cambridge date back to the thirteenth century.
牛津和剑桥的历史可追溯到十三世纪。
2. Many folks on the Taiwan island have returned to the mainland for the holiday.
return to返回到…
例句：Exiles long to return to their native land.
流-亡者们渴望回到自己的祖国。
3. For them, traditional local delicacies are a must to give away to friends and family members. give away赠送; 赠予; 颁发;分发
例句：He gave away most of his fortune to the poor.
他把他的大部分财产都送给了穷人。
4. They are made of very fresh pineapple, and you can see the word 'Taiwan' on the box, so as to show the food is from my hometown.
be made of用…造成
例句：The table is made of wood. 桌子是木制的。
5. Each night during the holiday, they build a 3.8-meter-high, cone-shaped brick tower and fill it with straw, hay and wood shavings.
fill with (使)充〔挤〕满
例句：The sky filled with stars. 满天星斗。
6. Once a fire is lit, villagers poke the burning materials to make the flames spurt out of the tower to honor their ancestral heroes.
spurt out喷出
例句：Water spurted out of the hole.
水从小孔中喷出来。
7. People also use grapefruit "balls" with lighted joss sticks to pray for peace, safety and family reunions during the entire year.
pray for为求得…而祈祷; 为…而祈祷, 祷告
例句：I'm praying for Mother to get better.
我正在为母亲的康复而祈祷。
8. Thanks to this activity, we have got to know these traditions again.
thanks to幸亏, 多亏, 由于
例句：Thanks to you, I was saved from drowning.
幸亏你, 我才没有淹死。
9. Officials say the ban on mooncakes is due to different food inspection standards. For example, Europe's standards for aflatoxins, toxins produced by a mold that grows in nuts, seeds and legumes, are higher than China's.
due to由于，因为
例句：Her absence is due to illness.
她因病缺席。
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