万圣节的英文由来

万圣节的由来--中英双语/r/n

万圣节的英文由来

罗伯特·布里奇 Robert Bridges - A School Portrait/r/n

我已有多年未访问伊顿公学;当有一天从Fellow’s Library [1] 经过进入陈列室时，我看到我的校友Digby Dolben [2] 的肖像与我们这个时代最卓越的人的肖像挂在了一起。我完全被吸引住了，而当我驻足凝视它时，我的同伴问我是否知道他是谁。我想，除了几个我记得起名字的人之外，我几乎一定是唯一知道的人了。少年时代的遥远记忆就像才发生一样向我簇拥而来：他又一次站在我身旁，年轻、踌躇满志;我仿佛能听到他的声音，他一点也没变;然而，当我被关于他的时间之雾包围时，我好奇他会怎么想，他是否知道在他去世30年后的这一刻，他的记忆会因此得以保存并受人敬仰，就在这所名校中，在他微妙的灵魂一度被奇怪地困扰的地方。/r/n

这个老伊顿学生肖像的陈列馆中挂出的肖像是经过精挑细选的：出身显赫、品格高贵可以为你在那赢得一个席位，或者在毕业后与学校有官方上的联系——他们热衷于维持师生之间不变的全景画，热衷于让那些与继承学校传统的面貌形象有关的校史记录保持鲜活。但，Dolben的肖像为什么会在那呢?因为他是一个诗人?——这我知道，但他的诗歌鲜为人知，都被家人和少数几个朋友小心翼翼地保存了起来。即使这些数量稀少的作品能入得了负责挑选肖像的权威人士的法眼，也并不足以让他名列其中。还有另外一个原因，肖像就是一种证明的效力，或许你无法看出他是诗人，但你却可以看到圣人的特质：灵魂沉浸于深思、纯洁无暇、对崇高理想满怀热情与献身精神。这样的特征一定使他在同龄人中出类拔萃;他的生活经历足以让我们相信他是一位天赋秉异的才人。而当他的英年早逝洗净了记忆的尘埃并唤醒了世人的爱慕之时，吝爱的悲悯将会慷慨的赋予他未曾拥有的桂冠。/r/n

注：/r/n

[1] Fellow’s Library位于剑桥大学耶稣学院，建于1676-77 年。/r/n

[2] Digby Dolben，罗伯特·布里奇的堂兄弟，英国诗人，于1867年6月28日溺水而卒。 Robert Bridges 译文赏析：/r/n

1、原文：“Far memories of my boyhood were crowding freshly upon me: he was standing again/r/n

beside me in the eager promise of his youth。”/r/n

译文：“少年时代的遥远记忆就像才发生一样向我簇拥而来：他又一次站在我身旁，年轻、踌躇满志。“/r/n

这句翻译的很好。首先，作者把 ”freshly“ 译为”像才发生一样“，而我认为这一点比刘士聪先生译为”鲜活地涌进“更为合理。在汉语里用“鲜活地”显得很奇怪，因为“鲜活地”修饰后面的动作“涌进”，涌进不能说是“鲜活”，只能说是“迅速地”或者“大量地”。其次，”in the eager promise of his youth”译为“年轻、踌躇满志”也很巧妙。译者并没有死板得按照英文的语法顺序，而事实上这样做也根本行不通。把 ”youth” 译为汉语中的“年轻”，名词转化为形容词，而“eager promise”在理解意义的基础上找出对应的汉语四字结构，既语义准确，又没有丢掉英文的文笔。刘士聪先生译为“焕发着青春的风采”，显得有些平淡无味。/r/n

2、原文：while I, wrap from him in a confused mist of time, was wondering what he would think, could he know that at this actual moment he would have been dead thirty years, and that his memory would be thus preserved and honored in the beloved school, where his delicate spirit had been so strangely troubled./r/n

译文：然而，当我被关于他的时间之雾包围时，我好奇他会怎么想，他是否知道在他去世30年后的这一刻，他的记忆会因此得以保存并受人敬仰，就在这所名校中，在他微妙的灵魂一度被奇怪地困扰的地方。/r/n

我认为这部分翻译的有失妥当，可以参照刘士聪先生译文：“同时我在寻思着，因为与他之间相隔一段宛若迷雾的年月，假如他知道在这一时刻他已经死了三十年，他可爱的母校在以这样的方式纪念他，给他这样高的荣誉，而他上学时，他脆弱的心灵曾经莫名其妙地烦恼过，他会作怎样的感想呢?”/r/n

试译：而我与他相隔迷雾般萦绕的时间，寻思如果他知道此时他已逝世三十年，并被他所深爱的母校——他的脆弱灵魂曾感受无端困惑的地方——缅怀和敬仰，他会怎么想。/r/n

3、原文：which right loves to keep up an unbroken panorama of its teachers, and to vivify its annals with the faces and figures of the personalities who carried on its traditions./r/n

译文：他们热衷于维持师生之间不变的全景画，热衷于让那些与继承学校传统的面貌形象有关的校史记录保持鲜活。/r/n

这一句话译者自己也没有理解原文意思，所以翻译出来就更加抽象难懂。可以参照刘士聪译文：“而校方也希望完整地再现教师队伍的全貌，使那些保持了学校传统的名人形象构成的校史有生气。”/r/n

【相关文章】The History Halloween 万圣节的神秘起源/r/n

Halloween is on October 31st, the last day of the Celtic calendar. It was originallya paganholiday, honoring the dead. Halloween was referred to as All Hallows Eve and dates back to over 2000 years ago. 10月31日是万圣节，这也是凯尔特历的最后一天。万圣节起初是一个异教徒的节日，纪念死去的人。万圣节源于圣徒日前夜，始于2000多年前。 All Hallows Eve is the evening before All Saints Day, which was created by Christians to convertpagans, and is celebrated on November 1st. The Catholic church honored saints on this designated day./r/n

圣徒日前夜是圣徒日的前一天晚上，圣徒日在11月1日，是基-督徒开创的节日，用来劝说异教徒皈依基-督，天主教堂在这一天纪念圣徒们。/r/n

The Origin of Halloween/r/n

万圣节的起源/r/n

While there are many versions of the origins and old customs of Halloween, some remain consistentby all accounts. Different cultures view Holloween somewhat differently but traditional Halloween practices remain the same./r/n

尽管关于万圣节的起源和旧俗有很多不同的看法，但有一些是被所有人接受的。不同文化看待万圣节总是有点不同，但是传统的万圣节做的事情都是一样的。/r/n

Halloween culture can be traced back to the Druids, a Celtic/r/n

culture in Ireland, Britain and Northern Europe. Roots lay in the feastof Samhain, which was annually on October 31st to honor the dead./r/n

万圣节文化可以追溯到德鲁伊教，这是一种爱尔兰、北欧和英国的凯尔特文化，根植于Samhain节的庆祝活动，Samhain节于每年的10月31日纪念逝者。/r/n

Samhain signifies "summers end" or November. Samhain was a harvest festival with huge sacred bonfires, marking the end of the/r/n

Celtic year and beginning of a new one. Many of the practices involved in this celebration were fed on superstition./r/n

Samhain节说明夏天结束或者十一月，是一个丰收的节日。在Samhain节会燃起神圣巨大的篝火，标志着凯尔特一年的结束和新一年的开始。一些做法因为迷信被加入庆祝活动中。/r/n

The Celts believed the souls of the dead roamed the streets and villages at night.

Since not all spirits were thought to be friendly, gifts and treats were left out to pacifythe evil and ensure next years crops would be plentiful. This custom evolved into trick-or-treating./r/n

凯尔特人相信死者的灵魂会在夜里出没在街道和村庄。因为他们认为不是所有的灵魂都是友善的，所以就把礼物和好吃的留在外面安慰恶灵来确保来年的庄稼可以丰收。这种习俗演变成了trick-or-treating。

万圣节的由来--中英双语2016-10-30 22:55 | #2楼

罗伯特·布里奇 Robert Bridges - A School Portrait

I had not visited Eton for many years, when one day passing from the Fellow’s Library into the Gallery I caught sight of the portrait of my school-friend Digby Dolben hanging just without the door among our most distinguished contemporaries. I was wholly arrested, and as I stood gazing on it, my companion asked me if I knew who it was. I was thinking that, beyond a few whom I could name, I must be almost the only person who would know. Far memories of my boyhood were crowding freshly upon me: he was standing again beside me in the eager promise of his youth; I could hear his voice; nothing of him was changed; while I, wrap from him in a confused mist of time, was wondering what he would think, could he know that at this actual moment he would have been dead thirty years, and that his memory would be thus preserved and honored in the beloved school, where his delicate spirit had been so strangely troubled.

This portrait-gallery of old Etonians is very se-le-ct: preeminent distinction of birth or merit may win you a place there, or again official connection with the school, which right loves to keep up an unbroken panorama of its teachers, and to vivify its annals with the faces and figures of the personalities who carried on its traditions. But how came Dolben there? It was because he was a poet, --that I knew;--and yet his poems were not known they were jealously guarded by his family and a few friends: indeed such of his poems as could have come to the eyes of the authorities who sanctioned this memorial would not justify it. There was another reason; and the portrait bears its won credentials; for though you might not perhaps divine the poet in it, you can see the saint, the soul rapt in contemplation, the habit of stainless life, of devotion, of enthusiasm for high ideals. Such a being must have stood out conspicuously among his fellows; the facts of his life would have been the ground of the faith in his genius; and when his early death endeared and sanctified his memory, loving grief would generously grant him the laurels which he had never worn.

我已有多年未访问伊顿公学；当有一天从Fellow’s Library [1] 经过进入陈列室时，我看到我的校友Digby Dolben [2] 的肖像与我们这个时代最卓越的人的肖像挂在了一起。我完全被吸引住了，而当我驻足凝视它时，我的同伴问我是否知道他是谁。我想，除了几个我记得起名字的人之外，我几乎一定是唯一知道的人了。少年时代的遥远记忆就像才发生一样向我簇拥而来：他又一次站在我身旁，年轻、踌躇满志；我仿佛能听到他的声音，他一点也没变；然而，当我被关于他的时间之雾包围时，我好奇他会怎么想，他是否知道在他去世30年后的这一刻，他的记忆会因此得以保存并受人敬仰，就在这所名校中，在他微妙的灵魂一度被奇怪地困扰的地方。

这个老伊顿学生肖像的陈列馆中挂出的肖像是经过精挑细选的：出身显赫、品格高贵可以为你在那赢得一个席位，或者在毕业后与学校有官方上的联系——他们热衷于维持师生之间不变的全景画，热衷于让那些与继承学校传统的面貌形象有关的校史记录保持鲜活。但，Dolben的肖像为什么会在那呢？因为他是一个诗人？——这我知道，但他的诗歌鲜为人知，都被家人和少数几个朋友小心翼翼地保存了起来。即使这些数量稀少的作品能入得了负责挑选肖像的权威人士的法眼，也并不足以让他名列其中。还有另外一个原因，肖像就是一种证明的效力，或许你无法看出他是诗人，但你却可以看到圣人的特质：灵魂沉浸于深思、纯洁无暇、对崇高理想满怀热情与献身精神。这样的特征一定使他在同龄人中出类拔萃；他的生活经历足以让我们相信他是一位天赋秉异的才人。而当他的英年早逝洗净了记忆的尘埃并唤醒了世人的爱慕之时，吝爱的悲悯将会慷慨的

赋予他未曾拥有的桂冠。

注：

[1] Fellow’s Library位于剑桥大学耶稣学院，建于1676-77 年。

[2] Digby Dolben，罗伯特·布里奇的堂兄弟，英国诗人，于1867年6月28日溺水而卒。 Robert Bridges 译文赏析：

1、原文：“Far memories of my boyhood were crowding freshly upon me: he was standing again

beside me in the eager promise of his youth。”

译文：“少年时代的遥远记忆就像才发生一样向我簇拥而来：他又一次站在我身旁，年轻、踌躇满志。“

译文：然而，当我被关于他的时间之雾包围时，我好奇他会怎么想，他是否知道在他去世

30年后的这一刻，他的记忆会因此得以保存并受人敬仰，就在这所名校中，在他微妙的灵魂一度被奇怪地困扰的地方。

我认为这部分翻译的有失妥当，可以参照刘士聪先生译文：“同时我在寻思着，因为与他之间相隔一段宛若迷雾的年月，假如他知道在这一时刻他已经死了三十年，他可爱的母校在以这样的方式纪念他，给他这样高的荣誉，而他上学时，他脆弱的心灵曾经莫名其妙地烦恼过，他会作怎样的感想呢？”

试译：而我与他相隔迷雾般萦绕的时间，寻思如果他知道此时他已逝世三十年，并被他所深爱的母校——他的脆弱灵魂曾感受无端困惑的地方——缅怀和敬仰，他会怎么想。

3、原文：…which right loves to keep up an unbroken panorama of its teachers, and to vivify its annals with the faces and figures of the personalities who carried on its traditions.

译文：他们热衷于维持师生之间不变的全景画，热衷于让那些与继承学校传统的面貌形象有关的校史记录保持鲜活。

这一句话译者自己也没有理解原文意思，所以翻译出来就更加抽象难懂。可以参照刘士聪译文：“而校方也希望完整地再现教师队伍的全貌，使那些保持了学校传统的名人形象构成的校史有生气。”

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